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51. distrib

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51.1 Introduction to distrib

Package distrib contains a set of functions for making probability computations on both discrete and continuous univariate models.

What follows is a short reminder of basic probabilistic related definitions.

Let f(x) be the density function of an absolute continuous random variable X. The distribution function is defined as

                       x
/
[
F(x) = I     f(u) du
]
/
minf


which equals the probability Pr(X <= x).

The mean value is a localization parameter and is defined as

                     inf
/
[
E[X]  =  I   x f(x) dx
]
/
minf


The variance is a measure of variation,

                 inf
/
[                    2
V[X] = I     f(x) (x - E[X])  dx
]
/
minf


which is a positive real number. The square root of the variance is the standard deviation, D[X]=sqrt(V[X]), and it is another measure of variation.

The skewness coefficient is a measure of non-symmetry,

                 inf
/
1   [                    3
SK[X] = ----- I     f(x) (x - E[X])  dx
3 ]
D[X]  /
minf


And the kurtosis coefficient measures the peakedness of the distribution,

                 inf
/
1   [                    4
KU[X] = ----- I     f(x) (x - E[X])  dx - 3
4 ]
D[X]  /
minf


If X is gaussian, KU[X]=0. In fact, both skewness and kurtosis are shape parameters used to measure the non-gaussianity of a distribution.

If the random variable X is discrete, the density, or probability, function f(x) takes positive values within certain countable set of numbers x_i, and zero elsewhere. In this case, the distribution function is

                       ====
\
F(x) =  >    f(x )
/        i
====
x <= x
i


The mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness coefficient and kurtosis coefficient take the form

                       ====
\
E[X] =  >  x  f(x ) ,
/    i    i
====
x
i

                ====
\                     2
V[X] =   >    f(x ) (x - E[X])  ,
/        i    i
====
x
i

               D[X] = sqrt(V[X]),

                     ====
1      \                     3
SK[X] =  -------    >    f(x ) (x - E[X])
D[X]^3    /        i    i
====
x
i


and

                     ====
1      \                     4
KU[X] =  -------    >    f(x ) (x - E[X])   - 3 ,
D[X]^4    /        i    i
====
x
i


respectively.

There is a naming convention in package distrib. Every function name has two parts, the first one makes reference to the function or parameter we want to calculate,

Functions:
Density function            (pdf_*)
Distribution function       (cdf_*)
Quantile                    (quantile_*)
Mean                        (mean_*)
Variance                    (var_*)
Standard deviation          (std_*)
Skewness coefficient        (skewness_*)
Kurtosis coefficient        (kurtosis_*)
Random variate              (random_*)


The second part is an explicit reference to the probabilistic model,

Continuous distributions:
Normal              (*normal)
Student             (*student_t)
Chi^2               (*chi2)
Noncentral Chi^2    (*noncentral_chi2)
F                   (*f)
Exponential         (*exp)
Lognormal           (*lognormal)
Gamma               (*gamma)
Beta                (*beta)
Continuous uniform  (*continuous_uniform)
Logistic            (*logistic)
Pareto              (*pareto)
Weibull             (*weibull)
Rayleigh            (*rayleigh)
Laplace             (*laplace)
Cauchy              (*cauchy)
Gumbel              (*gumbel)

Discrete distributions:
Binomial             (*binomial)
Poisson              (*poisson)
Bernoulli            (*bernoulli)
Geometric            (*geometric)
Discrete uniform     (*discrete_uniform)
hypergeometric       (*hypergeometric)
Negative binomial    (*negative_binomial)
Finite discrete      (*general_finite_discrete)


For example, pdf_student_t(x,n) is the density function of the Student distribution with n degrees of freedom, std_pareto(a,b) is the standard deviation of the Pareto distribution with parameters a and b and kurtosis_poisson(m) is the kurtosis coefficient of the Poisson distribution with mean m.

In order to make use of package distrib you need first to load it by typing

(%i1) load(distrib)$ For comments, bugs or suggestions, please contact the author at 'riotorto AT yahoo DOT com'. Categories: Statistical functions · Share packages · Package distrib  [ < ] [ > ] [ << ] [ Up ] [ >> ] [Top] [Contents] [Index] [ ? ] 51.2 Functions and Variables for continuous distributions Function: pdf_normal (x,m,s) Returns the value at x of the density function of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_normal (x,m,s) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. This function is defined in terms of Maxima's built-in error function erf. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_normal(x,m,s);
x - m
erf(---------)
sqrt(2) s    1
(%o2)                         -------------- + -
2          2


See also erf.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_normal (q,m,s)

Returns the q-quantile of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_normal. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) quantile_normal(95/100,0,1); 9 (%o2) sqrt(2) inverse_erf(--) 10 (%i3) float(%); (%o3) 1.644853626951472  Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_normal (m,s) Returns the mean of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0, namely m. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_normal (m,s) Returns the variance of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0, namely s^2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_normal (m,s) Returns the standard deviation of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0, namely s. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_normal (m,s) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0, which is always equal to 0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_normal (m,s) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Normal(m,s) random variable, with s>0, which is always equal to 0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_normal (m,s) random_normal (m,s,n) Returns a Normal(m,s) random variate, with s>0. Calling random_normal with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated. This is an implementation of the Box-Mueller algorithm, as described in Knuth, D.E. (1981) Seminumerical Algorithms. The Art of Computer Programming. Addison-Wesley. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_student_t (x,n) Returns the value at x of the density function of a Student random variable t(n), with n>0 degrees of freedom. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_student_t (x,n) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Student random variable t(n), with n>0 degrees of freedom. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_student_t(1/2, 7/3);
7  1  28
beta_incomplete_regularized(-, -, --)
6  2  31
(%o2)    1 - -------------------------------------
2
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)                .6698450596140415


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_student_t (q,n)

Returns the q-quantile of a Student random variable t(n), with n>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_student_t. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_student_t (n)

Returns the mean of a Student random variable t(n), with n>0, which is always equal to 0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_student_t (n)

Returns the variance of a Student random variable t(n), with n>2.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) var_student_t(n); n (%o2) ----- n - 2  Categories: Package distrib Function: std_student_t (n) Returns the standard deviation of a Student random variable t(n), with n>2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_student_t (n) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Student random variable t(n), with n>3, which is always equal to 0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_student_t (n) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Student random variable t(n), with n>4. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_student_t (n) random_student_t (n,m) Returns a Student random variate t(n), with n>0. Calling random_student_t with a second argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated. The implemented algorithm is based on the fact that if Z is a normal random variable N(0,1) and S^2 is a chi square random variable with n degrees of freedom, Chi^2(n), then  Z X = ------------- / 2 \ 1/2 | S | | --- | \ n /  is a Student random variable with n degrees of freedom, t(n). To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_noncentral_student_t (x,n,ncp) Returns the value at x of the density function of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>0 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Sometimes an extra work is necessary to get the final result. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) expand(pdf_noncentral_student_t(3,5,0.1));
7/2                         7/2
0.04296414417400905 5      1.323650307289301e-6 5
(%o2) ------------------------ + -------------------------
3/2   5/2                       sqrt(%pi)
2    14    sqrt(%pi)
7/2
1.94793720435093e-4 5
+ ------------------------
%pi
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)          .02080593159405669


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_noncentral_student_t (x,n,ncp)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>0 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. This function has no closed form and it is numerically computed.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) cdf_noncentral_student_t(-2,5,-5); (%o2) .9952030093319743  Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_noncentral_student_t (q,n,ncp) Returns the q-quantile of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>0 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_noncentral_student_t. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp) Returns the mean of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>1 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) mean_noncentral_student_t(df,k);
df - 1
gamma(------) sqrt(df) k
2
(%o2)        ------------------------
df
sqrt(2) gamma(--)
2


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp)

Returns the variance of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>2 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp)

Returns the standard deviation of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>2 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>3 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a noncentral Student random variable nc_t(n,ncp), with n>4 degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp)
random_noncentral_student_t (n,ncp,m)

Returns a noncentral Student random variate nc_t(n,ncp), with n>0. Calling random_noncentral_student_t with a third argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the fact that if X is a normal random variable N(ncp,1) and S^2 is a chi square random variable with n degrees of freedom, Chi^2(n), then

                           X
U = -------------
/   2  \ 1/2
|  S   |
| ---  |
\  n   /


is a noncentral Student random variable with n degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter ncp, nc_t(n,ncp).

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_chi2 (x,n)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0. The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) pdf_chi2(x,n); n/2 - 1 - x/2 x %e (%o2) ---------------- n/2 n 2 gamma(-) 2  Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_chi2 (x,n) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_chi2(3,4);
3
(%o2)      1 - gamma_incomplete_regularized(2, -)
2
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)               .4421745996289256


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_chi2 (q,n)

Returns the q-quantile of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_chi2. Argument q must be an element of [0,1].

This function has no closed form and it is numerically computed.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) quantile_chi2(0.99,9); (%o2) 21.66599433346194  Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_chi2 (n) Returns the mean of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0. The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) mean_chi2(n);
(%o2)                           n


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_chi2 (n)

Returns the variance of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0.

The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) var_chi2(n); (%o2) 2 n  Categories: Package distrib Function: std_chi2 (n) Returns the standard deviation of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0. The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) std_chi2(n);
(%o2)                    sqrt(2) sqrt(n)


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_chi2 (n)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0.

The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) skewness_chi2(n); 3/2 2 (%o2) ------- sqrt(n)  Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_chi2 (n) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Chi-square random variable Chi^2(n), with n>0. The Chi^2(n) random variable is equivalent to the Gamma(n/2,2). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) kurtosis_chi2(n);
12
(%o2)                          --
n


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_chi2 (n)
random_chi2 (n,m)

Returns a Chi-square random variate Chi^2(n), with n>0. Calling random_chi2 with a second argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

The simulation is based on the Ahrens-Cheng algorithm. See random_gamma for details.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_noncentral_chi2 (x,n,ncp)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_noncentral_chi2 (x,n,ncp)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_noncentral_chi2 (q,n,ncp)

Returns the q-quantile of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_noncentral_chi2. Argument q must be an element of [0,1].

This function has no closed form and it is numerically computed.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)

Returns the mean of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)

Returns the variance of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)

Returns the standard deviation of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a noncentral Chi-square random variable nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp)
random_noncentral_chi2 (n,ncp,m)

Returns a noncentral Chi-square random variate nc_Chi^2(n,ncp), with n>0 and noncentrality parameter ncp>=0. Calling random_noncentral_chi2 with a third argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_f (x,m,n)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a F random variable F(m,n), with m,n>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_f (x,m,n)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a F random variable F(m,n), with m,n>0.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) cdf_f(2,3,9/4); 9 3 3 (%o2) 1 - beta_incomplete_regularized(-, -, --) 8 2 11 (%i3) float(%); (%o3) 0.66756728179008  Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_f (q,m,n) Returns the q-quantile of a F random variable F(m,n), with m,n>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_f. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) quantile_f(2/5,sqrt(3),5);
(%o2)                   0.518947838573693


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_f (m,n)

Returns the mean of a F random variable F(m,n), with m>0, n>2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_f (m,n)

Returns the variance of a F random variable F(m,n), with m>0, n>4. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_f (m,n)

Returns the standard deviation of a F random variable F(m,n), with m>0, n>4. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_f (m,n)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a F random variable F(m,n), with m>0, n>6. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_f (m,n)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a F random variable F(m,n), with m>0, n>8. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_f (m,n)
random_f (m,n,k)

Returns a F random variate F(m,n), with m,n>0. Calling random_f with a third argument k, a random sample of size k will be simulated.

The simulation algorithm is based on the fact that if X is a Chi^2(m) random variable and Y is a Chi^2(n) random variable, then

                        n X
F = ---
m Y


is a F random variable with m and n degrees of freedom, F(m,n).

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_exp (x,m)

Returns the value at x of the density function of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0.

The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) pdf_exp(x,m); - m x (%o2) m %e  Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_exp (x,m) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0. The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_exp(x,m);
- m x
(%o2)                      1 - %e


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_exp (q,m)

Returns the q-quantile of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_exp. Argument q must be an element of [0,1].

The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) quantile_exp(0.56,5); (%o2) .1641961104139661 (%i3) quantile_exp(0.56,m); 0.8209805520698303 (%o3) ------------------ m  Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_exp (m) Returns the mean of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0. The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) mean_exp(m);
1
(%o2)                           -
m


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_exp (m)

Returns the variance of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0.

The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) var_exp(m); 1 (%o2) -- 2 m  Categories: Package distrib Function: std_exp (m) Returns the standard deviation of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0. The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) std_exp(m);
1
(%o2)                           -
m


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_exp (m)

Returns the skewness coefficient of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0.

The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) skewness_exp(m); (%o2) 2  Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_exp (m) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of an Exponential(m) random variable, with m>0. The Exponential(m) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(1,1/m). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) kurtosis_exp(m);
(%o3)                           6


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_exp (m)
random_exp (m,k)

Returns an Exponential(m) random variate, with m>0. Calling random_exp with a second argument k, a random sample of size k will be simulated.

The simulation algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_lognormal (x,m,s)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_lognormal (x,m,s)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. This function is defined in terms of Maxima's built-in error function erf.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) cdf_lognormal(x,m,s); log(x) - m erf(----------) sqrt(2) s 1 (%o2) --------------- + - 2 2  See also erf. Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_lognormal (q,m,s) Returns the q-quantile of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_lognormal. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) quantile_lognormal(95/100,0,1);
sqrt(2) inverse_erf(9/10)
(%o2)           %e
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)               5.180251602233015


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_lognormal (m,s)

Returns the mean of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_lognormal (m,s)

Returns the variance of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_lognormal (m,s)

Returns the standard deviation of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_lognormal (m,s)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_lognormal (m,s)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Lognormal(m,s) random variable, with s>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_lognormal (m,s)
random_lognormal (m,s,n)

Returns a Lognormal(m,s) random variate, with s>0. Calling random_lognormal with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

Log-normal variates are simulated by means of random normal variates. See random_normal for details.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_gamma (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_gamma (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) cdf_gamma(3,5,21); 1 (%o2) 1 - gamma_incomplete_regularized(5, -) 7 (%i3) float(%); (%o3) 4.402663157376807E-7  Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_gamma (q,a,b) Returns the q-quantile of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_gamma. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_gamma (a,b) Returns the mean of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_gamma (a,b) Returns the variance of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_gamma (a,b) Returns the standard deviation of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_gamma (a,b) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_gamma (a,b) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Gamma(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_gamma (a,b) random_gamma (a,b,n) Returns a Gamma(a,b) random variate, with a,b>0. Calling random_gamma with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated. The implemented algorithm is a combinantion of two procedures, depending on the value of parameter a: For a>=1, Cheng, R.C.H. and Feast, G.M. (1979). Some simple gamma variate generators. Appl. Stat., 28, 3, 290-295. For 0<a<1, Ahrens, J.H. and Dieter, U. (1974). Computer methods for sampling from gamma, beta, poisson and binomial cdf_tributions. Computing, 12, 223-246. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_beta (x,a,b) Returns the value at x of the density function of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_beta (x,a,b) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_beta(1/3,15,2);
11
(%o2)                     --------
14348907
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)              7.666089131388195E-7


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_beta (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_beta. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_beta (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_beta (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_beta (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_beta (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_beta (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Beta(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_beta (a,b)
random_beta (a,b,n)

Returns a Beta(a,b) random variate, with a,b>0. Calling random_beta with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is defined in Cheng, R.C.H. (1978). Generating Beta Variates with Nonintegral Shape Parameters. Communications of the ACM, 21:317-322

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_continuous_uniform (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_continuous_uniform (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_continuous_uniform (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_continuous_uniform. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_continuous_uniform (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_continuous_uniform (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_continuous_uniform (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_continuous_uniform (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_continuous_uniform (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variable, with a<b. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_continuous_uniform (a,b)
random_continuous_uniform (a,b,n)

Returns a Continuous Uniform(a,b) random variate, with a<b. Calling random_continuous_uniform with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

This is a direct application of the random built-in Maxima function.

See also random. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_logistic (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_logistic (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_logistic (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_logistic. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_logistic (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_logistic (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_logistic (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_logistic (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_logistic (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Logistic(a,b) random variable , with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_logistic (a,b)
random_logistic (a,b,n)

Returns a Logistic(a,b) random variate, with b>0. Calling random_logistic with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_pareto (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_pareto (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_pareto (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_pareto. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_pareto (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a>1,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_pareto (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a>2,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_pareto (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a>2,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_pareto (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a>3,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_pareto (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Pareto(a,b) random variable, with a>4,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_pareto (a,b)
random_pareto (a,b,n)

Returns a Pareto(a,b) random variate, with a>0,b>0. Calling random_pareto with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_weibull (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_weibull (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_weibull (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_weibull. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_weibull (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_weibull (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_weibull (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_weibull (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_weibull (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Weibull(a,b) random variable, with a,b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_weibull (a,b)
random_weibull (a,b,n)

Returns a Weibull(a,b) random variate, with a,b>0. Calling random_weibull with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_rayleigh (x,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0.

The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) pdf_rayleigh(x,b); 2 2 2 - b x (%o2) 2 b x %e  Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_rayleigh (x,b) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0. The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_rayleigh(x,b);
2  2
- b  x
(%o2)                     1 - %e


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_rayleigh (q,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_rayleigh. Argument q must be an element of [0,1].

The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) quantile_rayleigh(0.99,b); 2.145966026289347 (%o2) ----------------- b  Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_rayleigh (b) Returns the mean of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0. The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) mean_rayleigh(b);
sqrt(%pi)
(%o2)                       ---------
2 b


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_rayleigh (b)

Returns the variance of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0.

The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) var_rayleigh(b); %pi 1 - --- 4 (%o2) ------- 2 b  Categories: Package distrib Function: std_rayleigh (b) Returns the standard deviation of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0. The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) std_rayleigh(b);
%pi
sqrt(1 - ---)
4
(%o2)                     -------------
b


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_rayleigh (b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0.

The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) skewness_rayleigh(b); 3/2 %pi 3 sqrt(%pi) ------ - ----------- 4 4 (%o2) -------------------- %pi 3/2 (1 - ---) 4  Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_rayleigh (b) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Rayleigh(b) random variable, with b>0. The Rayleigh(b) random variable is equivalent to the Weibull(2,1/b). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) kurtosis_rayleigh(b);
2
3 %pi
2 - ------
16
(%o2)                    ---------- - 3
%pi 2
(1 - ---)
4


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_rayleigh (b)
random_rayleigh (b,n)

Returns a Rayleigh(b) random variate, with b>0. Calling random_rayleigh with a second argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_laplace (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_laplace (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_laplace (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_laplace. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_laplace (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_laplace (a,b)

Returns the variance of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_laplace (a,b)

Returns the standard deviation of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_laplace (a,b)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_laplace (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Laplace(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_laplace (a,b)
random_laplace (a,b,n)

Returns a Laplace(a,b) random variate, with b>0. Calling random_laplace with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_cauchy (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Cauchy(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_cauchy (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Cauchy(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_cauchy (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Cauchy(a,b) random variable, with b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_cauchy. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_cauchy (a,b)
random_cauchy (a,b,n)

Returns a Cauchy(a,b) random variate, with b>0. Calling random_cauchy with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_gumbel (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the density function of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_gumbel (x,a,b)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_gumbel (q,a,b)

Returns the q-quantile of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_gumbel. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_gumbel (a,b)

Returns the mean of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) mean_gumbel(a,b); (%o2) %gamma b + a  where symbol %gamma stands for the Euler-Mascheroni constant. See also %gamma. Categories: Package distrib Function: var_gumbel (a,b) Returns the variance of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_gumbel (a,b) Returns the standard deviation of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_gumbel (a,b) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) skewness_gumbel(a,b);
3/2
2 6    zeta(3)
(%o2)                          --------------
3
%pi


where zeta stands for the Riemann's zeta function.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_gumbel (a,b)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Gumbel(a,b) random variable, with b>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Package distrib

Function: random_gumbel (a,b)
random_gumbel (a,b,n)

Returns a Gumbel(a,b) random variate, with b>0. Calling random_gumbel with a third argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the general inverse method.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

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51.3 Functions and Variables for discrete distributions

Function: pdf_general_finite_discrete (x,v)

Returns the value at x of the probability function of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v, such that Pr(X=i) = v_i. Vector v can be a list of nonnegative expressions, whose components will be normalized to get a vector of probabilities. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) pdf_general_finite_discrete(2, [1/7, 4/7, 2/7]); 4 (%o2) - 7 (%i3) pdf_general_finite_discrete(2, [1, 4, 2]); 4 (%o3) - 7  Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_general_finite_discrete (x,v) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v. See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_general_finite_discrete(2, [1/7, 4/7, 2/7]);
5
(%o2)                           -
7
(%i3) cdf_general_finite_discrete(2, [1, 4, 2]);
5
(%o3)                           -
7
(%i4) cdf_general_finite_discrete(2+1/2, [1, 4, 2]);
5
(%o4)                           -
7


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_general_finite_discrete (q,v)

Returns the q-quantile of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_general_finite_discrete (v)

Returns the mean of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_general_finite_discrete (v)

Returns the variance of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_general_finite_discrete (v)

Returns the standard deviation of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_general_finite_discrete (v)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_general_finite_discrete (v)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a general finite discrete random variable, with vector probabilities v.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_general_finite_discrete (v)
random_general_finite_discrete (v,m)

Returns a general finite discrete random variate, with vector probabilities v. Calling random_general_finite_discrete with a second argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

See pdf_general_finite_discrete for more details.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) random_general_finite_discrete([1,3,1,5]); (%o2) 4 (%i3) random_general_finite_discrete([1,3,1,5], 10); (%o3) [4, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 4, 1, 2, 2]  Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_binomial (x,n,p) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_binomial (x,n,p) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_binomial(5,7,1/6);
7775
(%o2)                       ----
7776
(%i3) float(%);
(%o3)               .9998713991769548


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_binomial (q,n,p)

Returns the q-quantile of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_binomial. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_binomial (n,p)

Returns the mean of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_binomial (n,p)

Returns the variance of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_binomial (n,p)

Returns the standard deviation of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_binomial (n,p)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_binomial (n,p)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_binomial (n,p)
random_binomial (n,p,m)

Returns a Binomial(n,p) random variate, with 0 \leq p \leq 1 and n a positive integer. Calling random_binomial with a third argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

The implemented algorithm is based on the one described in Kachitvichyanukul, V. and Schmeiser, B.W. (1988) Binomial Random Variate Generation. Communications of the ACM, 31, Feb., 216.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

Function: pdf_poisson (x,m)

Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_poisson (x,m)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0.

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) cdf_poisson(3,5); (%o2) gamma_incomplete_regularized(4, 5) (%i3) float(%); (%o3) .2650259152973623  Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_poisson (q,m) Returns the q-quantile of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_poisson. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_poisson (m) Returns the mean of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_poisson (m) Returns the variance of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_poisson (m) Returns the standard deviation of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_poisson (m) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Poisson(m) random variable, with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_poisson (m) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Poisson random variable Poi(m), with m>0. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_poisson (m) random_poisson (m,n) Returns a Poisson(m) random variate, with m>0. Calling random_poisson with a second argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated. The implemented algorithm is the one described in Ahrens, J.H. and Dieter, U. (1982) Computer Generation of Poisson Deviates From Modified Normal Distributions. ACM Trans. Math. Software, 8, 2, June,163-179. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_bernoulli (x,p) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1. The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) pdf_bernoulli(1,p);
(%o2)                           p


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: cdf_bernoulli (x,p)

Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_bernoulli (q,p)

Returns the q-quantile of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_bernoulli. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_bernoulli (p)

Returns the mean of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1.

The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) mean_bernoulli(p); (%o2) p  Categories: Package distrib Function: var_bernoulli (p) Returns the variance of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1. The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) var_bernoulli(p);
(%o2)                       (1 - p) p


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_bernoulli (p)

Returns the standard deviation of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1.

The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) std_bernoulli(p); (%o2) sqrt((1 - p) p)  Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_bernoulli (p) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1. The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p). (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) skewness_bernoulli(p);
1 - 2 p
(%o2)                           ---------------
sqrt((1 - p) p)


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_bernoulli (p)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Bernoulli(p) random variable, with 0 \leq p \leq 1.

The Bernoulli(p) random variable is equivalent to the Binomial(1,p).

(%i1) load (distrib)$(%i2) kurtosis_bernoulli(p); 1 - 6 (1 - p) p (%o2) --------------- (1 - p) p  Categories: Package distrib Function: random_bernoulli (p) random_bernoulli (p,n) Returns a Bernoulli(p) random variate, with 0 \leq p \leq 1. Calling random_bernoulli with a second argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated. This is a direct application of the random built-in Maxima function. See also random. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_geometric (x,p) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_geometric (x,p) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_geometric (q,p) Returns the q-quantile of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_geometric. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_geometric (p) Returns the mean of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_geometric (p) Returns the variance of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_geometric (p) Returns the standard deviation of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_geometric (p) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Geometric(p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_geometric (p) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a geometric random variable Geo(p), with 0 < p \leq 1. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_geometric (p) random_geometric (p,n) Returns a Geometric(p) random variate, with 0 < p \leq 1. Calling random_geometric with a second argument n, a random sample of size n will be simulated. The algorithm is based on simulation of Bernoulli trials. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_discrete_uniform (x,n) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_discrete_uniform (x,n) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_discrete_uniform (q,n) Returns the q-quantile of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_discrete_uniform. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_discrete_uniform (n) Returns the mean of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_discrete_uniform (n) Returns the variance of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_discrete_uniform (n) Returns the standard deviation of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_discrete_uniform (n) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_discrete_uniform (n) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Discrete Uniform(n) random variable, with n a strictly positive integer. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_discrete_uniform (n) random_discrete_uniform (n,m) Returns a Discrete Uniform(n) random variate, with n a strictly positive integer. Calling random_discrete_uniform with a second argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated. This is a direct application of the random built-in Maxima function. See also random. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_hypergeometric (x,n1,n2,n) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. Being n1 the number of objects of class A, n2 the number of objects of class B, and n the size of the sample without replacement, this function returns the probability of event "exactly x objects are of class A". To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_hypergeometric (x,n1,n2,n) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. See pdf_hypergeometric for a more complete description. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: quantile_hypergeometric (q,n1,n2,n) Returns the q-quantile of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_hypergeometric. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: mean_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) Returns the mean of a discrete uniform random variable Hyp(n1,n2,n), with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: var_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) Returns the variance of a hypergeometric random variable Hyp(n1,n2,n), with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: std_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) Returns the standard deviation of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: skewness_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) Returns the skewness coefficient of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: kurtosis_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variable, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: random_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n) random_hypergeometric (n1,n2,n,m) Returns a Hypergeometric(n1,n2,n) random variate, with n1, n2 and n non negative integers and n<=n1+n2. Calling random_hypergeometric with a fourth argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated. Algorithm described in Kachitvichyanukul, V., Schmeiser, B.W. (1985) Computer generation of hypergeometric random variates. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 22, 127-145. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib · Random numbers Function: pdf_negative_binomial (x,n,p) Returns the value at x of the probability function of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib). Categories: Package distrib Function: cdf_negative_binomial (x,n,p) Returns the value at x of the distribution function of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. (%i1) load (distrib)$
(%i2) cdf_negative_binomial(3,4,1/8);
3271
(%o2)                      ------
524288


Categories:  Package distrib

Function: quantile_negative_binomial (q,n,p)

Returns the q-quantile of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number; in other words, this is the inverse of cdf_negative_binomial. Argument q must be an element of [0,1]. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: mean_negative_binomial (n,p)

Returns the mean of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: var_negative_binomial (n,p)

Returns the variance of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: std_negative_binomial (n,p)

Returns the standard deviation of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: skewness_negative_binomial (n,p)

Returns the skewness coefficient of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: kurtosis_negative_binomial (n,p)

Returns the kurtosis coefficient of a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variable, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib

Function: random_negative_binomial (n,p)
random_negative_binomial (n,p,m)

Returns a Negative Binomial(n,p) random variate, with 0 < p \leq 1 and n a positive number. Calling random_negative_binomial with a third argument m, a random sample of size m will be simulated.

Algorithm described in Devroye, L. (1986) Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation. Springer Verlag, p. 480.

To make use of this function, write first load(distrib).

Categories:  Package distrib · Random numbers

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